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Red Oak is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Iowa, United States,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 located along the East Nishnabotna River. The population was 5,742 in the 2010 census, a decline from the 6,197 population in the 2000 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population & Housing Occupancy Status 2010 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Data from the 2010 Census )〕 ==History== Red Oak derives its name from Red Oak Creek which flows through the community and was noted for the red oaks on its banks. First settlers arrived there in the 1850s. In 1865 it became the official county seat of Montgomery County and the courthouse which previously was in the middle of the county seven miles east in Frankfort, Iowa was towed to the community in the middle of a snow storm. That courthouse remained in place until the current Montgomery County Courthouse (Iowa) was built in 1891. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.〔http://communitylink.com/us/ia/redoak/profile/pages/history.php〕 In 1869 the community was officially founded when the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (called the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad at the time) arrived. The community was named Red Oak Junction by the railroad on March 20, 1876. The junction was a line off the main Chicago to Council Bluffs, Iowa line that went to Nebraska City, Nebraska and on to Lincoln, Nebraska.〔http://depothill.net/depot05.html〕〔http://www.redoakiowa.com/ashadebetter/Content.aspx?ContentId=97〕 The Junction name was dropped in 1901 although the community continues to celebrate its history each summer in Junction Days. In 1903 a new depot was opened by the railroad. It today serves as a museum celebrating the community's significant military heritage and its disproportionate number of casualties in various wars and most famously in World War II.〔 The depot is one of nine places in Montgomery County on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Iowa. Darwin R. Merritt, born in Red Oak on April 12, 1872, graduated third in his class from The United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland on July 1, 1897. On February 15, 1898, he perished in the explosion that sank the in the harbor of Havana, Cuba. His body was later recovered and interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Red Oak. The community has had a disproportionate number of casualties in the Civil War and World War II. In the American Civil War, the area provided more Union troops per capita than any other in the state.〔"(Victory at Sea )," TIME, 1966-3-11.〕 Company M (which also included residents from Montgomery County) had 160 casualties among its 250 members; 52 men were killed in action.〔 Early World War II battles claimed a disproportionate number of soldiers from Red Oak (although the final casualty statistics tend to disprove the oft-repeated statement that Red Oak suffered more losses per capita than any other American community).〔〔(Red Oak Home Page ), Red Oak Victory Amateur Radio Club. Accessed 2007-09-02.〕〔"Emmet County Leads in War Dead Ratio," ''Council Bluffs Nonpareil'', p. 2, 1946-01-03 (Montgomery County ranked third among Iowa counties in World War II casualties per capital).〕 In the Battle of the Kasserine Pass in February 1943, forty-five soldiers from Red Oak alone were captured or killed.〔Rick Atkinson, (An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942-1943 ), p. 397 (Macmillan 2003) ISBN 0-8050-7448-1.〕 At the time more than 100 telegrams arrived in Red Oak saying that its soldiers were missing in action.〔 In recognition of Red Oak's extraordinary sacrifice, the city's name was given to a "victory ship".〔(SS Red Oak Victory (Victory Ship) ), National Park Service. Accessed 2007-09-02.〕 The SS ''Red Oak Victory'' has become a floating museum in the shipyard where it was built, in Richmond, California.〔 The old Burlington Northern depot has been transformed into a museum telling this history. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Oak, Iowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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